Most components don't have a layout: they'll take 100% of the available width.
In order to place components next to each other, you need to use a grid:
The Column control: this grid has multiple options and mutations. You can place as many ColumnControls on a page as you need.
A Subgrid: When you want to place components next to each other in the Page Column, you can use a Subgrid
Sugbrid for Narrow containers (will be deprecated)
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Components
Components can often be used across every page and on all experience fragments. Here is a list of all the different components, grouped by their function.